Chemie

Für die Behandlung multiresistenter Keime stehen zunehmend weniger Behandlungsoptionen zur Verfügung. In dieser Arbeit wurden Peptoide als mögliche Substanzklasse zur therapeutischen Anwendung von Infektionen mit multiresistenten Bakterien untersucht, wobei ihre antimikrobielle Wirkung gegen gram-positive Bakterien, gram-negative Bakterien, Mykobakterien und Fungi aufgezeigt wurde. There are fewer and fewer treatment options available for treating multi-resistant germs. In this work, peptoids were investigated as a possible class of substances for the therapeutic application of infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria, showing their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi.

This reprint, a comprehensive compilation from the Special Issue "Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics", edited by Dr. Georgiy Shakhgildyan and Prof. Dr. Michael I. Ojovan, illuminates the latest advancements in glass science and technology. With contributions spanning materials science, chemistry, and physics, it showcases the unparalleled versatility and critical role of glass in cutting-edge applications. This volume brings together pioneering research on the structure, properties, and innovative uses of glass and glass-based materials in areas crucial for sustainable development, including energy, photonics, and microelectronics. Highlighting significant strides in understanding glass materials and their applications, the collection underlines the importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing challenges like nuclear waste management and development of new light emitting media. It reflects the collaborative spirit of the international glass community, offering insights into novel glass compositions, processing techniques, and the synthesis methods driving the field forward. This reprint is an essential resource for researchers, professionals, and academics seeking to deepen their knowledge of glass science, its current achievements, and future directions.

This book focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.

V swqzi s rastuschej ozabochennost'ü mirowoj obschestwennosti äkologicheskimi problemami i änergeticheskimi matricami, garantiruüschimi podderzhanie ustojchiwogo razwitiq, w samyh raznyh oblastqh issledowanij wedutsq poiski nailuchshih uslowij dlq ispol'zowaniq i äxpluatacii generiruemoj änergii. Sredi sistem, generiruüschih änergiü, wydelqütsq topliwnye älementy, w kotoryh wse esche wedutsq poiski nailuchshej kombinacii katalizatorow, obespechiwaüschih bolee wysokuü proizwoditel'nost' i men'shij uscherb. V swqzi s ätoj zadachej w dannoj knige predstawleno predlozhenie po trojnym katalizatoram, ispol'zuemym w älektrohimicheskom okislenii metanola i ätanola w kisloj srede.

Fused filament fabrication, also known as 3D printing, is extensively used to produce prototypes for applications in, e.g., the aerospace, medical, and automotive industries. In this process, a thermoplastic polymer is fed into a liquefier that extrudes a filament while moving in successive X-Y planes along the Z direction to fabricate a 3D part in a layer-by-layer process. Due to the progressive advances of this process in industry, the application of polymeric (or even composite) materials have received much attention. Researchers and industries now engage in 3D printing by implementing numerous polymeric materials in their domain. In this Special Issue, we will present a collection of recent and novel works regarding the application of polymers in 3D printing.

The field of thin films has undergone significant developments in recent decades. Besides the multiple applications of thin films, increasing competence can be observed with regard to tailoring the film microstructure using composition and deposition parameters. This Special Issue contains cutting-edge research and review articles regarding the preparation and characterization of materials with excellent properties, as well as the related modelling approaches. The papers published in this Special Issue cover a wide range of topics, including high-entropy alloys, hard materials, effects of additives on structures and properties, and the identification of Magnéli phases. Computer modelling of magnetic properties and optical modelling of dielectric function are also represented in this volume. The reader can find strong indications of the importance of extending existing knowledge through the exploration of the mechanisms of the ongoing processes via in situ monitoring.

Natürliche Gewässer in den ölproduzierenden Gebieten Nigerias sind aufgrund verschiedener Faktoren häufig mit Rohöl kontaminiert. Der vorgeschlagene keramische Filter zur Wasserreinigung wurde auf seine Wirksamkeit bei der Reinigung von rohölverschmutztem Wasser getestet. Der Filter bestand aus einer Mischung aus Flugasche, Reishülsen und Ton im Verhältnis 1:2:2. Die Wasserproben wurden vor und nach der Reinigung verschiedenen Testkategorien unterzogen, darunter der Gesamtgehalt an gelösten Feststoffen (TDS), Geschmack, Geruch, Farbe, Trübung, pH-Wert, Gesamthärte, Schwermetalle und der Gesamtgehalt an Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen. Außerdem wurden die Wasserproben biologisch auf Coliforme und E.coli getestet. Die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen durchgeführten Tests zeigten, dass sich die Farbe des Wassers verbesserte und der früher beobachtete ölige Geruch im Filtrat nicht mehr vorhanden war. Beim pH-Wert wurde ein Anstieg von 5,68 im Rohwasser auf 6,50 im Filtrat festgestellt. Die durchschnittliche Trübung des Rohwassers betrug 1626,83 NTU, verringerte sich jedoch auf einen Minimalwert von 1,5 NTU. Der TDS-Wert im Rohwasser betrug 348,67 mg/l, nach der Filtration stieg dieser Wert jedoch auf 402,2 mg/l.

Die Verschwendung von Lebensmitteln und ihren Nährstoffen in Haushalten und in der Agrarindustrie hat negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt. Gleichzeitig versuchen die Menschen, nährstoffreiche Lebensmittel zu konsumieren. Dies hat dazu geführt, dass man sich Gedanken über eine nachhaltige Verwertung von Lebensmitteln macht. Das Ziel dieses Buches ist die Herstellung von Müsliriegeln aus dem Nebenprodukt Fruchtsaft. Es wurde ein 2²-faktorielles Design und die Response Surface Methodology verwendet. Das Design umfasste fünf verschiedene Ebenen mit drei Mittelpunkten und insgesamt sieben Versuchen. Die unabhängigen Variablen waren die Konzentration der Nebenprodukte Ananas- und Cashewsaft und die Kochzeit. Die analysierten Antworten waren Wassergehalt, Säuregehalt, pH-Wert, Ascorbinsäuregehalt, reduzierende Zucker, Asche und Texturprofil. Zur Analyse der Ergebnisse des gewählten Versuchsplans wurde die Software Statistica 7.0 verwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass der Faktor Konzentration der Fruchtnebenprodukte den größten Einfluss auf den Kochprozess hatte. In Anbetracht dessen ist die Bedeutung dieser Arbeit für die Lebensmittelverwertung und den gesunden Verzehr offensichtlich.

The Special Issue, "Effect of the Modification of Catalysts on the Catalytic Performance", should be of great interest to all researchers involved in this scientific area regarding the synthesis and characterization of various catalysts or catalytic materials; catalytic performance (activity and selectivity); synergetic effect; and the modification of catalysts or suitable promoters that are added to modify the catalyst structure.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure, one of most famous nanomaterials in past decades, provides extensive and adaptive applications to wide communities include material, physics, daily-use chemical industry and medical societies. Controlled synthesis, advancing characterization tools, and endless healthcare from materials, drive rapid evolution of understanding and engineering on ZnO nanomaterials. Here, in this reprint, novel research articles and mini reviews are included with the focus on the novel synthesis, applications on the air and liquid purifications by using the photocatalytic merits of ZnO. Additionally, antibacterial performance from the ZnO nanostructures were demonstrated by these original contributions, which directs the new possibility from ZnO towards medical usage.

Lo spreco di cibo e dei suoi nutrienti nelle famiglie e nelle industrie agroalimentari ha un impatto negativo sull'ambiente. Allo stesso tempo, le persone cercano di consumare alimenti nutrienti. Ciò ha fatto nascere la preoccupazione di utilizzare gli alimenti in modo sostenibile. L'obiettivo di questo libro è produrre barrette di cereali utilizzando il sottoprodotto del succo di frutta. Sono stati utilizzati un disegno fattoriale 2² e la metodologia della superficie di risposta. Il disegno prevedeva cinque diversi livelli, con tre punti centrali per un totale di sette prove. Le variabili indipendenti erano la concentrazione di sottoprodotti del succo di ananas e anacardi e il tempo di cottura. Le risposte analizzate sono state il contenuto di acqua, l'acidità, il pH, il contenuto di acido ascorbico, gli zuccheri riduttori, le ceneri e il profilo di consistenza. Il software Statistica 7.0 è stato utilizzato per analizzare i risultati del disegno adottato. I risultati hanno mostrato che il fattore concentrazione di sottoprodotti della frutta ha avuto il maggiore effetto sul processo di cottura. Alla luce di ciò, è evidente l'importanza di questo lavoro per l'utilizzo degli alimenti e per un consumo sano.

Scientific Essay from the year 2023 in the subject Chemistry - Nuclear Chemistry, grade: 70, University of Greenwich, language: English, abstract: Technically, it is possible to separate uranium from seawater. This design paper seeks to propose a process intensified way to separate uranium from seawater using amidoxime containing polymer due to the high affinity of the uranyl-carbonate complex towards the polyamidoxime resin. The process justification was based on the economic criteria: production cost, physicochemical criteria: concentration and reactivity, technical criteria: extracting methods from a complex aqueous system. The separation process firstly is the adsorption of uranyl ions using ionic exchange resin in the form of a chelating polymer adsorbent. A buoyant platform with adsorbent polymer made of polyethylene fibres that comes into contact directly with seawater powered by a wind turbine which is mounted on top of the platform, continuously takes the adsorbent from the seawater after campaign time through an elution and regeneration process and then returns it to the seawater for reuse. After the adsorbent has been loaded with uranyl ions, additional downstream processes are explored to recover the uranium including cleansing of the adsorption polymer to remove organic materials, desorption: elution of the adsorbed uranium ions from the adsorption polymer with a suitable solution, purification of the eluent: removal of other desorbed compounds, concentrating the solution, solvent extraction of uranium from the solution with a mixture of an organic solvent and a specific complexing agent and finally conversion into yellow cake or uranium oxide U_3 0_8. Next, factors that go into the Uranium separation cost and financial justifications have been included. In the future, we recommend researchers to make use of organically sourced, biodegradable substrates such as chitin which could be a good source of green chemistry alternative to conventional plastic polymers that represents a potential source of an uneasy degradable solid pollutant.

Paperback

Prakticheskaq kniga predstawlqet soboj popytku dat' studentam, izuchaüschim prakticheskuü farmacewticheskuü organicheskuü himiü, wozmozhnost' wospol'zowat'sq 11-letnim opytom prepodawaniq ätogo predmeta. V knigu wklüchenynowye procedury i mnogie specializirowannye metodiki. Krome togo, byli razrabotany nowye äxperimenty dlq studentow nachal'nyh kursow, kotorye byli oprobowany na bol'shih gruppah studentow w techenie neskol'kih sessij s udowletworitel'nym uspehom i teper' wklücheny w nastoqschee uchebnoe posobie.

Bioinorganic Chemistry: Exploring the Role of Metal Ions in Biological Systems is a comprehensive book that delves into the fascinating field of bioinorganic chemistry, focusing on the essential role of metal ions in biological processes. This book provides a thorough understanding of the principles, applications, and significance of bioinorganic chemistry in various aspects of biology, medicine, and nanotechnology.