Südamerika

Paralleljustiz, Antidiskriminierungsgesetze, Rechtstransfer - das Thema 'Recht und Diversität' verbindet unterschiedlichste aktuelle Diskussionen und erweist sich als zentral für den gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit Differenz und Gleichheit. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes - aus der Geschichts- und Rechtswissenschaft sowie den Jüdischen Studien - rücken dieses Thema in eine historische Perspektive und nehmen Konstellationen und Umgangsweisen mit Rechtsvielfalt von der Frühen Neuzeit bis in die Gegenwart in den Blick. Beleuchtet werden Situationen des Kulturkontakts und des interreligiösen Zusammenlebens sowie global agierende Akteur*innen und Organisationen in Europa, Asien, den Amerikas und Afrika.

Mehrere tausend Verschwundene, über einhundert Massaker sowie unzählige Fälle von Folter und Vergewaltigung zählen zur Bilanz des peruanischen Staates in seinem Krieg gegen den 'Leuchtenden Pfad' (1980-1994). Die staatliche Intervention traf aber nicht nur die maoistischen Aufständischen, sondern mehrheitlich die indigene Bevölkerung - besonders im Anden-Departement Ayacucho. Stefanie Wiehl zeichnet nach, wie diese Region zu einem Gewaltraum wurde. Ausgehend von der Hypothese genozidaler Gewalt wendet sie sich den in diesem Kontext bisher vernachlässigten Aspekten staatlicher Gewalt zu.

Diego Barros Arana fue un historiador y educador chileno del siglo XIX, cuyo legado más importante fue la monumental obra titulada Historia General de Chile, escrita en 16 volúmenes entre 1884 y 1902. Comprende desde la época precolombina hasta 1833. La obra está realizada en base a los documentos de archivos privados y públicos, que Barros Arana conoció y coleccionó a lo largo de décadas hasta que inició la redacción de su Historia General en 1881. Este cuarto tomo analiza el siglo XVII chileno.La idea de escribir una historia general del país se gestó tempranamente en Diego Barros Arana. Ya en su introducción a Vida y viajes de Magallanes publicada en 1864, había confesado que llevaba muchos años trabajando en una obra general. El autor sintió la necesidad de contar la historia de Chile, debido a las deficiencias de la historiografía disponible en su época. Barros consideraba que la historia chilena estaba por construirse en casi todos sus períodos y temas, y que la ausencia de narraciones no estaba determinada por la falta de materiales, sino por la falta de interés para emprender un trabajo extenso, complejo y crítico.En palabras del propio autor:Este trabajo incesante, que podría parecer en exceso monótono y abrumador, ha sido para mí el más grato de los pasatiempos, el alivio de grandes pesares, y casi podría decir el descanso de muchas y muy penosas fatiga.El texto fue organizado en 16 tomos que abordaban grandes épocas: Los Indígenas; Descubrimiento y Conquista; Afianzamiento de la Independencia y Organización de la República. Se trataba de practicar una investigación histórica bien distinta a como la habían efectuado ciertos cronistas hasta el momento. En la presentación de la obra, Barros Arana explica que asumió el método narrativo para escribir su obra, siguiendo la recomendación de Andrés Bello. Los hechos están ordenados e investigados con prolijidad y claridad, anotándose con precisión su filiación y contenido. Esta exposición ordenada y cronológica era garantía para esclarecer los hechos de una forma objetiva y rigurosa.

The Present State of Virginia, a classical book, was published more than a century ago and has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Bosquejo sobre el estado político y moral del Perú contiene una ardua reflexión sobre la historia política del Perú durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. José Manuel Valdez y Palacios hace énfasis en la actividad de Simón Bolívar y en la cadena de pactos y acciones bélicas que marcaron su existencia. La obra se subdivide en tres partes que comprenden: el período anterior a la independencia, que engloba desde la conquista hasta 1820; el período de la Independencia, que va de 1820 a 1824; y el período de la República, que comprende desde la batalla de Ayacucho a la caída de La Mar. La primera sección del Bosquejo está dividida en siete capítulos en los que se aborda sucesivamente tópicos tales como la riqueza natural del territorio, la descripción geográfica del Perú, y un balance de su industria, agricultura y comercio. Valdez concluye con un análisis de la literatura y la religión. En la segunda parte o sección pasa al estudio de la independencia. Es minucioso al retratar el paso de los gobiernos de San Martín al de Bolívar y dedica largas páginas a la descripción y el elogio de las batallas de Junín y Ayacucho. En la tercera y última parte destaca el juicio que realiza de Bolívar, el relato pormenorizado de los acontecimientos del gobierno de La Mar, entre los que destacarán la campaña contra Colombia y la caída de dicho presidente.

Nuevas cartas americanas es un título alusivo a las Cartas americanas de Alejandro de Humboldt. Aquí Juan Valera, defiende el punto de vista de España ante los movimientos de Independencia de Latinoamérica. Arremete también contra las reivindicaciones históricas del Nuevo Mundo, en específico de Cuba.Se trata de una percepción muy distinta a la que muestra la historia oficial de América. El autor tiene una visión descarnada de los orígenes étnicos de Latinoamérica, aunque esgrime argumentos económicos y políticos que merecen atención.Juan Valera vivió los conflictos entre su fascinación por las culturas ajenas y su convicción de que España construyó los cimientos del mundo.Valera escribió con una sinceridad digna de reflexión. El mundo estaba cambiando tras la independencia política de las últimas colonias españolas. Además, cada vez cobraba más peso la influencia del pensamiento positivista en la actividad intelectual de Latinoamérica. Asimismo, el pragmatismo de los Estados Unidos y la diplomacia internacional empezaban a prevalecer. La idea unitaria de un Occidente cristiano estaba en crisis.

Three gringos in Venezuela and Central America, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of Latin America local history, General

La Constitución del Perú de 1993 fue redactada por el Congreso Constituyente Democrático tras el autogolpe y la subsecuente crisis constitucional de 1992. Fue aprobada mediante el referéndum de 1993, durante el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori, aunque los resultados han sido discutidos por algunos sectores, es actualmente la base del sistema jurídico del país.

This book addresses the breakdown of failed democratic systems in Latin America and the Caribbean. The scope of this investigation is a study of political systems of Venezuela, Colombia, and Nicaragua. The implications of the present research on democratic purgatory have real-world applications not only for the above countries but also for those political systems that are currently transitioning and/or consolidating their democracies as well.

Después del éxito rotundo de Los mitos que nos dieron traumas, llega la esperada segunda parte.<BR><BR> Masiosare se esconde en el pasado, en la profundidad de nuestra mente, y detrás de muchos de nuestros mitos. Está oculto en lo profundo del inconsciente colectivo de México y el mexicano, en sus condicionamientos psicológicos y patrones de conducta, en su gandallismo y su chingonería, en su violencia disfrazada de machismo y de honor herido, en su mente racista e inquisidora, clasista e intolerante.<BR> <BR>Masiosare, nuestro extraño enemigo, es un libro que hace una serie de viajes al pasado de México y la mente de los mexicanos, para comprender los mitos y traumas que nos destruyen como país y nos dividen como pueblo. En un México que no cesa de destruirse a sí mismo, Juan Miguel Zunzunegui hace, en esta revisión histórica, el llamado a la paz y la colaboración que el país necesita para sobrevivir.<BR><BR>México necesita una transformación. Sólo tú puedes hacerla.<BR><BR>ENGLISH DESCRIPTION<BR><BR>After the resounding success of The Myths That Traumatized Us, comes the long-awaited sequel. Mexico needs a transformation. Only you can do it. Juan Manuel Zunzunegui once again takes off our blindfolds to make us responsible for the country and its circumstances.<BR><BR> Masiosare is hiding in the past, in the depths of our minds, and behind many of our myths. It is hidden in the depths of the collective subconscious of Mexico and Mexicans, in their psychological conditioning and patterns of behavior, in their bullying and their awesomeness, in their violence disguised as machismo and wounded honor, in their racist, inquisitive, classist, and intolerant minds. Masiosare, The Strange Enemy, is a book that takes a series of journeys to Mexico’s past and to the minds of Mexicans, to understand the myths and traumas that destroy us as a country and divide us as a people.<BR><BR> In a Mexico that doesn’t stop destroying itself, Juan Miguel Zunzunegui makes, in this historic revision, a call for peace and collaboration that the country needs to survive.

50th anniversary edition 1973-2023. This expanded edition covers 500 years of Puerto Rico's history, providing a kaleidoscopic view of the island's past. It begins with a preface by the editors celebrating the 50th anniversary of the book's first printing and includes new sections on the debt crisis and the end of the bankruptcy procedure in 2022, the COVID pandemic and its consequences, the hurricanes from Maria to Fiona and their aftermath, The 2022 elections and the upcoming plebiscite.

Notes on the History of Argentine Independence, has been regarded as significant work throughout human history, and in order to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to ensure its preservation by republishing this book in a contemporary format for both current and future generations. This entire book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not made from scanned copies, the text is readable and clear.

C'è stata un'epoca in Italia in cui la rivoluzione sembrava possibile. Inseguita o temuta, ma possibile. Un'utopia vaga ma di massa. Era l'alba degli anni Settanta, anni ruggenti e dissennati. Il PCI rosicchiava terreno alla DC, Moro apriva ai comunisti e l'eversione nera invocava una sterzata autoritaria con un rosario di bombe. L'11 settembre 1973 a finire sotto attacco fu un palazzo presidenziale a dodicimila chilometri da Roma. La distanza non attenuò l'effetto, il messaggio era identico: un governo marxista in Occidente non avrebbe avuto vita facile. L'altro 11 settembre, quello cileno, mandò alla morte migliaia di persone e impose una sterzata alla storia. In Italia dettò le strategie politiche e contagiò le piazze. Il libro del giornalista del Tg3 Gabriele Carletti ripercorre i tre anni del governo di Salvador Allende, le misure, l'avventatezza parolaia dei rivoluzionari e la spietata destabilizzazione degli Stati Uniti. Nixon e Kissinger temevano che quella terza via diventasse un modello «in particolare per l'Italia». Un libro, costruito sui documenti de secretati e sulla stampa dell'epoca, che ha l'ambizione di scrostare i fatti dalla propaganda e raccontare quegli anni a chi, come l'autore, non li ha vissuti. E non porta, dunque, il fardello del reduce. Das Urheberrecht an bibliographischen und produktbeschreibenden Daten und an den bereitgestellten Bildern liegt bei Informazioni Editoriali, I.E. S.r.l., oder beim Herausgeber oder demjenigen, der die Genehmigung erteilt hat. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Peru: a land of contrast, a classical book, has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

In Mexico, during the presidency of Felipe Calderón (2006-2012) and as a direct result of his 'war' on drugs, at least 60,000 people were killed, tens of thousands were 'disappeared' and countless more were subjected to kidnapping and sexual violence. This book analyses how artists and filmmakers, alongside affected citizens, attempted to navigate, articulate and contend with this unparalleled escalation in brutality. In Mexico, during the presidency of Felipe Calderón (2006-2012) and as a direct result of his 'war' on drugs, at least 60,000 people were killed, tens of thousands were 'disappeared' and countless more were subjected to kidnapping and sexual violence. This book analyses how artists and filmmakers, alongside affected citizens, attempted to navigate, articulate and contend with this unparalleled escalation in brutality. The texts studied here provide a critical visual archive of this first phase in the drug war and show how artists including Pedro Pardo, Fernando Brito, Mónica González and Natalia Almada attempted to challenge official narratives, foster emerging nodes of resistance and seek justice for citizens. Bringing together works of photography, photojournalism, documentary and short fiction cinema, the book argues for the vital role of cultural production in documenting institutional corruption, human rights abuses and narco-related violence in Mexican society and providing a space to grieve and remember the victims. As Mexico's socio-political landscape continues to deteriorate, the book shows how its visual cultural legacy provides a means of understanding and responding to the violence.

Little Journey to Puerto Rico: For Intermediate and Upper Grades, has been regarded as significant work throughout human history, and in order to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to ensure its preservation by republishing this book in a contemporary format for both current and future generations. This entire book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not made from scanned copies, the text is readable and clear.

Brings together Ana M. López's field-defining essays on Latin American film and media in one indispensable volume.Ana M. López is one of the foremost film and media scholars in the world. Her work has addressed Latin American filmmaking in every historical period, across countries and genres-from early cinema to the present; from Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico to diasporic and Latinx cinemas in the United States; from documentary to melodrama to politically militant film. López's groundbreaking essays have transformed Latin American film studies, opening up new approaches, theoretical frameworks, and lines of investigation while also extending beyond cinema to analyze its connections with television, radio, and broader cultural phenomena. Bringing together twenty-five essays from throughout her career, including three that have been translated into English for this volume, Ana M. López is divided into three sections: the transnational turn in Latin American film studies; analysis of genre and modes; and debates surrounding race, ethnicity, and gender. Expertly curated and edited by Laura Podalsky and Dolores Tierney, the volume includes introductory material throughout to map and situate López's key interventions and to aid students and scholars less familiar with her work.

This is a military-political history with a vital and all-pervading cultural and social theme which shapes the narrative - race, colour and prejudice. But despite this, there is an extraordinary underlying theme of empire loyalty among serving soldiers - NCOs and private soldiers - and a growing grasp of political ideas and liberal democracy. And the loyalty to the British crown as an agent of the ending of slavery will be amazing to some readers.War experience was a powerful catalyst and contributed to a 'West Indianess' and desire for political advance. But even here the desire was for independence within the empire - a 'West Indian Dominion' as with 'elder sisters' of empire, the Dominions of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa.The political and economic status of the islands was a potent reason for the 'coloured contingents' enlisting - work was scarce - but a major impetus was the cultural concept of 'manliness' and empire-status - shared by George V, who insisted, against government pressure, on allowing West Indians to serve with white British soldiers. But all were volunteers and not enlisted men.The West Indies Regiment was small and its contribution in action limited, and restricted largely to Egypt and Mesopotamia, and with limited service on the Western Front. But it shows vividly the ingrained racialism and colour prejudice of British society and the British Army and above all, in the insensitive omission of the West Indies Regiment at the Victory Parade in 1919.

Maximilian in Mexico: A Woman's Reminiscences of the French Intervention 1862-1867, has been acknowledged as a major work throughout human history, and we have taken precautions to assure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern manner for both present and future generations. This book has been completely retyped, revised, and reformatted. The text is readable and clear because these books are not created from scanned copies.

The book is devoted to the subject of Venezuela's politics and the different dimensions of its longstanding crisis, with various researchers exchanging ideas on the current problems affecting the country. It is the first comprehensive overview on the dimensions of Venezuela's current crisis written in English, thus filling an important research gap. Especially the participation of international, well-known scholars make it a global enterprise.The book covers historical and theoretical facts surrounding the case of Venezuela and also focuses on the parties and actors that play decisive roles in the conflict. Subjects include the military, public administration, ideology, the opposition, the party landscape along with its crisis and Venezuela's oil policy. Furthermore the book touches upon international and regional aspects: Venezuela's diplomatic relations with the EU, the USA, Cuba and Colombia, respectively. The volume addresses a wider audience, suchas scholars on Latin American and especially Venezuelan Politics, International Relations, as well as an interested public, including journalists and politicians.

Discover the Untold Stories of America's Indigenous PeoplesWelcome to the "Native American Tribes" book bundle, an immersive journey into the captivating histories of five extraordinary Indigenous nations-the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole. This remarkable collection of five books takes you on a profound exploration of their ancient origins, their encounters with European settlers, their struggles during forced removal, and their enduring spirit of resilience and renewal.Book 1 - The Cherokee Nation: A History of Resilience and Renewal Unearth the roots of the Cherokee people, follow their early encounters with European explorers, and bear witness to the tragic Trail of Tears. But also, discover their remarkable ability to rebound and revive their cultural heritage.Book 2 - Choctaw Legacy: From Homeland to Removal Embark on an epic journey through the Choctaw Nation, from their vibrant pre-European societies to the challenges they faced during removal. Explore their legacy of adaptability and strength.Book 3 - Chickasaw Homeland: A Journey Through History Walk in the footsteps of the Chickasaw people, from their ancient origins to their return to their homeland after displacement. Witness the enduring power of cultural identity.Book 4 - Creek Nation Chronicles: Surviving and Thriving Take a historical odyssey through the Creek Nation, uncovering their ancestral lands, their encounters with European settlers, and the resilience that has defined their journey.Book 5 - Seminole Nation Saga: Adaptation and Survival Explore the unique culture and unwavering resistance of the Seminole people, who faced removal and the challenges of life in new territories with remarkable resilience.This "Native American Tribes" book bundle is a celebration of heritage, resilience, and the enduring power of cultural identity. Join us on this literary voyage into the heart of Indigenous America and honor the vibrant cultures that continue to enrich our nation.Get your bundle today and embark on an unforgettable journey through the histories of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations. Don't miss out on this opportunity to delve into the untold stories of America's Indigenous peoples.

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This is a history of precious-metals extractivism as lived in Cerro de San Pedro, a small gold- and silver-mining district in Mexico. Chronicling Cerro de San Pedro’s operations from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present, Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert transcends standard narratives of boom and bust to envision a multicentury series of mining cycles, first operated under Spanish rule, then by North American industry, and today in the post-NAFTA world of transnational capitalism. The depletion of a mine did not mark the end of its life, it turns out.Evolving technology accelerated the flow of matter and energy moving through the extractive systems of exhausted mines and revived profitability over and over again in Mexico’s mining districts. Studnicki-Gizbert demonstrates how this serial reanimation of a non-renewable resource was catalyzed by capital and supported by state policy and ideology and how each new cycle imposed ever more harmful consequences on both laborers and natural ecologies. At the same time, however, miners and their communities pursued a contending vision—a moral ecology—that defended the healthy reproduction of life and land. This book’s breathtakingly long view brings important perspective to environmental justice conflicts around extraction in Latin America today.